Heart disease prevention PPT

More than 80% of non-congenital and non-hereditary cardiovascular events can be avoided through active intervention. There is neither an immunity that "young people will never get heart disease", nor a "universal prevention formula" that can be applied to everyone. All prevention and control measures must match the individual's baseline health level to be effective.

When I was helping a community health service center near my home to do science education last month, I used this PPT. Among the more than 30 people present, 7 were under 45 years old, and their triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein indicators had reached 1.5 times the upper limit of the reference value. Two others had been diagnosed with high blood pressure for 3 years and had never taken medicine regularly. They just said "if you don't feel it, don't take medicine" - this kind of cognitive blind spot is the core reason for the high incidence of cardiac events among young and middle-aged people. After all, the "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2023" has made it clear that the prevalence of hypertension among people aged 18-44 in my country has exceeded 10%. Many people usually eat takeout and stay up late, and plaques in their blood vessels have long since quietly grown, but they are not aware of it unless they have symptoms.

There are actually two mainstream voices in the cardiovascular community regarding the scale of prevention. One is the "universal screening and strict control group" led by Peking University People's Hospital, which advocates that all people over the age of 35 must undergo three screenings of blood lipids, electrocardiograms, and carotid artery ultrasound every year. Density lipoprotein is strictly controlled below 2.6mmol/L, and people with family history should drop it below 1.8. After all, low-density lipoprotein is the "scale" in blood vessels. The lower it is controlled, the smaller the probability of developing plaques, eliminating the risk from the source.； The other school is the "stratified management school" that prefers evidence-based medicine. They believe that if you do not have high-risk factors such as smoking, obesity, or diabetes, even if the index is slightly higher than the reference value, there is no need to take medication immediately. You should first give a three-month lifestyle adjustment period, and then judge whether to take medication after a review. There is no absolute right or wrong in either view. The core is to first understand your risk level. Don't take medicine randomly when you see a high indicator, and don't take medicine when you know it is high risk.

I deliberately did not put anti-human requirements such as "must walk 10,000 steps a day" and "no fat meat at all" in the PPT. There was a 62-year-old Aunt Zhang who heard other health lectures saying that she should walk 20,000 steps a day. After walking for half a month, fluid accumulated in her knees, and her heartbeat was so fast that she couldn't sleep at night, which put a burden on her heart. In fact, for ordinary people, 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week is enough. What is moderate-intensity? It means that you can chat with people normally when exercising, but you can't sing a complete song. Walking two extra stops on the subway after get off work, or riding a bicycle for half an hour on weekends all count. You don't have to force yourself to do a half marathon or lift heavy weights, which may easily induce exercise-induced myocardial infarction.

Many people think that preventing heart disease means focusing on the three indicators of blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar. In fact, staying up late for a long time and being anxious for a long time can cause serious damage to blood vessels. Last year when I was rotating in the emergency department, I met a 28-year-old Internet operator who had no underlying medical conditions. He stayed up late for three weeks in a row to work on a project, and had chest pain for two days before coming to the hospital. An angiogram showed that there were no organic plaques in the coronary blood vessels, but they were so spasmodic that there was only a thin seam left, and he almost had a heart attack. This kind of disease is caused by emotions and stress. When taking precautions, don’t just stare at the physical examination form, get enough sleep, and stop thinking about things. It is more effective than how many health supplements you take.

At the end of the PPT, I added a page of "Common Rumors to Avoid", which are the most frequently asked questions: For example, when asked about "drinking red wine to soften blood vessels", I directly answered that it depends on the resveratrol in red wine to achieve the effect of softening blood vessels. You have to drink more than 30 bottles a day. Before the blood vessels soften, alcohol has already damaged the liver, and the gain is not worth the loss.； Another example is asking whether you should take Coenzyme Q10. I also wrote it very clearly. If you have cardiomyopathy, or are taking statins and have muscle soreness as a side effect, supplementation is indeed useful, but healthy people can consume enough Coenzyme Q10 with normal meals. There is no need to spend hundreds of dollars on imported health products and pay IQ tax.

Oh, by the way, I deliberately left half a page blank at the end of this PPT for the "Personal Plan Column." After each presentation, I will ask everyone to write down their blood pressure, blood lipids basic values, and 1-2 small changes they can make, such as "Start this week and change the daily milk tea to "make sugar-free tea" and "stay up late twice a week less". After all, no matter how popular science says, it is only effective if it falls on you to implement it. If you are really not sure about your own risk, go to a community hospital to find a doctor to calculate the risk of cardiovascular disease in 10 years. It is more reliable than searching ten health care posts on the Internet.