Heart disease prevention PPT

There is no magic at all for ordinary people to prevent acquired heart disease. There is no need to take hundreds of heart-protecting soft capsules, or force yourself to run a marathon. As long as you do these three things: "keep an eye on basic indicators, adapt to your living habits, and avoid high-risk actions", more than 90% of risks can be intercepted in advance.； People with underlying diseases or family histories only need to find a cardiologist to adjust their personal thresholds. There is no unified standard answer that suits everyone.

I have been practicing in the Department of Cardiology for 8 years, and last week I came across a very typical example at a community free clinic: 62-year-old Uncle Zhang spent half of his pension on heart-protecting health products. He takes coenzyme Q10, deep-sea fish oil, and nattokinase every day. The results showed that his blood pressure has been hovering at 150/90 all year round. He stayed up late to watch the World Cup finals last month. Just after he saw the goal, he suddenly felt that his chest was so tight that he couldn't breathe, so he asked 120 to get a stent. If you say he doesn't pay attention to prevention, he does, but he just doesn't use it wisely.

The core indicators are actually four indicators: blood pressure, blood lipids (focusing on low-density lipoprotein), fasting blood sugar, and resting heart rate. These four numbers have a more direct effect than any health care product. There are actually two schools of thought in the academic community on the thresholds of indicators. One school uses the common standards that have been used for many years: blood pressure is lower than 140/90mmHg, low-density lipoprotein is lower than 3.4mmol/L, fasting blood sugar is lower than 6.1mmol/L, and resting heart rate is maintained at 60-80 beats/minute, which is considered qualified. ； The other group is the updated recommendations of the "China Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Guidelines" in recent years. It says that high-risk groups with diabetes, family history of premature heart disease, and long-term smoking should have a lower threshold. For example, it is best to control blood pressure below 130/80mmHg, and low-density lipoprotein to be lowered to less than 1.8mmol/L to be safe. In fact, you don’t have to worry about who to listen to. Ask a doctor to give you a 10-year cardiovascular risk score. It will be clear at a glance what standards should be used. You don’t have to worry about the standards online.

When it comes to diet, there is no need to put shackles on yourself. Don’t force yourself to eat boiled vegetables every day when you hear that you need to protect your heart. I met a girl a while ago who was a vegetarian for half a year. Her physical examination revealed that her low-density lipoprotein had risen by 2 points. When I asked her, I found out that she ate fried king oyster mushrooms and mixed cold dishes with half a bottle of sesame sauce every day. The calories were higher than eating lean beef. There are really no "heart-protecting foods" that you must eat. Just remember a few minefields and avoid touching them: trans fatty acids in milk tea, crispy bread, and quick-frozen fried chicken can be avoided. Don't eat more than a beer cap's worth of salt every day. You don't have to completely quit red meat. Eating lean beef and mutton two or three times a week is much healthier than eating synthetic vegetarian meat with more than a dozen additives. If you're really craving for hot pot or skewers, that's fine. If you eat it once or twice a month, it won't have any impact at all. Just don't overeat for a long time.

Exercise is actually more controversial. Some people say that aerobic exercise is necessary to protect the heart, while others say that strength training is better for the heart. I usually tell patients, you can move whatever you like, and there is no need to impose KPIs. Those with bad knees should walk slowly for 40 minutes after meals every day, those who like to play ball play badminton twice a week, and those who like to lift weights should practice strength training twice a week. As long as they don't engage in "attack-style sports" - I just took in a 32-year-old Internet guy last month. He usually sits in the office and is too lazy to go downstairs. On the weekend, he climbed a mountain for 5 hours on a whim with his friends. He had a myocardial infarction when he was halfway up the mountain. He was admitted to the CCU for a week before he came out. I really can't do it.

By the way, let me mention a few misunderstandings that are widely circulated on the Internet. Don’t believe them. One is "Contain nitroglycerin for chest tightness." If you have low blood pressure, you will feel dizzy or even faint because your blood pressure drops too quickly after taking nitroglycerin. If you really feel uncomfortable, sit down and rest. If it persists for 10 minutes and it doesn't relieve, just call 120. Don't take medicine blindly. There are also rumors that "slapping on the elbow can rescue a heart attack" and "drinking a glass of red wine every day to protect the heart" are all rumors without any scientific basis. The former delays first aid time, and the latter alcohol will increase the burden on the heart. Don't try it blindly.

In fact, after all, heart disease prevention is really not as complicated as you think. There is no need to treat it as a task that must be completed every day. Just pay more attention to the signals your body gives you: for example, you used to be able to climb the fifth floor without gasping for breath, but recently you got very flustered after climbing the third floor, or you have back pain, toothache, or throat tightness for no reason. Don’t just go to the hospital and go to the cardiology department to do an ordinary electrocardiogram. It costs 20 yuan and is more effective than any other preventive measure.