First aid and emergency health training content includes

The first aid and emergency health training content includes four modules: core life-saving skills, common emergency response, environmental-related injury response, rescuer self-protection and post-intervention. The focus will be adjusted for different groups of people. It is by no means as simple as "only teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation and bandaging" as popular perception.

To be honest, I have been doing front-line first aid training for 6 years, and the most common misunderstanding I have seen is that people think that learning first aid is just to save people who die suddenly from myocardial infarction. In fact, this is only the most basic content. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of AED (automated external defibrillator) are indeed required for all trainings, but the teaching of this part of the content now has different trends in the industry: for example, the latest guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) emphasize "press fast and press deeply enough". Even if the position is slightly off, it doesn't matter. There is no need to worry about whether to accurately align the midpoint of the connection between the two nipples. ； Many domestic trainings for the elderly in the community even skip the teaching of artificial respiration. It is not that artificial respiration is useless, but that many ordinary people are too dirty and are afraid of cross-infection. If something happens, they dare not step forward because of this. It is better to just teach chest compressions, which can at least save their lives first. The last time I gave training to a community in Haidian, an aunt struggled for ten minutes and asked, "What to do if the ribs are broken?" In fact, it has been written in the guide for a long time that the ribs of people with cardiac arrest are brittle, and breaking them is a normal complication. Even if three ribs are broken, it is better than losing the person.

Compared with such major life-and-death operations, what we are more likely to encounter on a daily basis are small emergencies such as choking, stroke, and sprain. Take the Heimlich maneuver, for example. The last time I trained employees at a milk tea shop in a business district, a little girl slapped her thigh on the spot. She said that she just met a customer who drank pearls and got stuck in his throat last month. At that time, she only knew how to slap her on the back, which almost caused an accident. Only after learning did she realize that patting her on the back was wrong and that she had to strangle her belly from behind and push upward. There are also two systems for stroke judgment. Young people tend to remember the FAST principle (face is crooked, cannot lift arms, cannot speak clearly, call 120 immediately). When training the elderly, we usually teach the "120 judgment method" proposed by the domestic TCM emergency system - look at the asymmetry of the face, whether two arms can be raised at the same time, 0 (listening), listening, speaking and speaking clearly, no need to memorize English, the elderly can remember it after listening to it once. There have been many people with allergies in the past two years, and many companies' customized training also includes instructions on how to use epinephrine pens and albuterol aerosols, which are all practical.

If you want to go mountain climbing on weekends or go to the beach in summer, ordinary urban first aid skills may not be enough. Different circles have quite different opinions on this part of environment-related emergency response. For example, burns and scalds require 15 minutes of cold water no matter what the system is, and toothpaste and soy sauce must not be applied. This is a consensus, but the treatment of snake bites is more controversial: Clinicians generally ask ordinary people not to cut open wounds randomly to detoxify. Without disinfection conditions, it is easy to get infected. Just tie the proximal part of the heart, don't run around, and wait for 120 seconds. ； But many old friends in the outdoor circle don’t recognize this. Last year, I was doing training at an outdoor club in Shunyi. An older brother who had been climbing mountains for 10 years argued with me on the spot. He said that the year before last, he met someone who was bitten by a viper in Lingshan Mountain. He was three and a half hours away from the hospital at the foot of the mountain. If he had just waited for someone, he would have died. He used the sterilized knife he brought with him to cut open the wound and squeeze out the poison. In the end, he was fine, and the doctors at the hospital praised him for handling it correctly. Now when we do outdoor training, we will explain both situations clearly: if you are close to the hospital, follow the clinical requirements; if you are really trapped in the mountains, you should respond to emergencies when necessary. Flexible judgment is the most important.

I teach self-protection in the first class of every training. You can forget about other things, but you must remember this. How can you save others if you have fallen down yourself? Previously, a volunteer rescued an elder brother who had fainted on the roadside and performed artificial respiration without wearing a protective mask. Later, he was infected with influenza A and had a fever for almost a week. There are also things like pulling the switch first when rescuing someone who is electrocuted, and not being hugged by the other party when rescuing a drowning person. These are points that many people don’t pay attention to when learning, and can easily get into trouble when encountering real problems. Another new content in the past two years is psychological intervention after rescue. Many old-school trainers think it is unnecessary. Just rescue the person and why bother. But our younger generation of trainers will say two things: If you really encounter a situation where the person cannot be rescued, don’t hold it back and talk to a professional psychologist. It is not your fault and you have done your best.

I have seen too many people perform more standard movements than the instructor during training. When something happens, they stand aside with weak legs and dare not step forward for a long time. In fact, the core of first aid training is never to practice the movements to a 100% standard, but to make you dare to step forward and know to call 120 first. If ordinary people can start compressions within the 4-minute golden rescue time of cardiac arrest, they can already increase the patient's survival rate by three times, which is better than anything else. Different training contents may vary, but the core is always this sentence: Dare to save first, and then save the right person.