What is the cause of dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea may be caused by primary dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids and other causes. Primary dysmenorrhea usually occurs 1-2 years after menarche and is related to excessive secretion of prostaglandins. ； Pathological factors such as endometriosis may be accompanied by symptoms such as increased menstrual flow or dyspareunia.

1. Primary dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea may be related to the increased prostaglandin content in the endometrium during menstruation. It usually manifests as cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which can last for 2-3 days. Symptoms can be relieved with hot compresses. If necessary, use ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, acetaminophen tablets, or naproxen sodium capsules as directed by your doctor.

2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis may be related to factors such as reflux of menstrual blood. It often causes progressively worsening dysmenorrhea, which may be accompanied by infertility or anal swelling. Treatment requires the use of dienogest tablets, goserelin acetate sustained-release implants and other drugs as directed by the doctor. Severe cases require laparoscopic surgery.

3. Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis may be related to the invasion of the basal layer of the endometrium into the myometrium. Typical symptoms are prolonged menstruation, increased menstrual flow, and persistent pain. Levonorgestrel sustained-release intrauterine system or injectable leuprolide acetate microspheres can be used under the guidance of a doctor. Hysterectomy needs to be considered when drug treatment is ineffective.

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia infection, and the acute phase may be accompanied by fever and abnormal vaginal secretions. Antibiotics such as ceftriaxone sodium for injection, doxycycline hydrochloride tablets combined with metronidazole tablets need to be used in a standardized manner. Those with recurring chronic inflammation can cooperate with physical therapy.

5. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids may be related to high estrogen levels, and submucosal fibroids can cause severe menstrual cramps and compress the bladder. Those with smaller sizes can take oral mifepristone tablets to control their growth. If the diameter of the fibroids exceeds 5 cm or causes anemia, uterine myomectomy is required.

During dysmenorrhea, it is recommended to avoid cold and raw foods and drink moderate amounts of brown sugar and ginger tea to help warm the uterus.； Use a hot water bottle to compress the lower abdomen for 15-20 minutes every day, and pay attention to keeping the waist and abdomen warm. Maintain moderate aerobic exercise such as yoga or walking to promote pelvic blood circulation. If the pain affects your life or non-menstrual pain, abnormal bleeding, etc. occur, you should seek medical treatment in time to check for organic lesions.