What are the gynecological examination items for vaginitis?

　　1. Vulvar examination:

　　The main purpose is to observe the development of the vulva, the distribution of pubic hair and the condition of the vaginal opening and urethral opening, and observe whether there is edema, inflammation, ulcers, skin Color changes, atrophy, deformity, varicose veins, old perineal lacerations, tumors, etc.

　　2. Bimanual examination (joint vaginal and abdominal examination)

　　The examiner wears sterile gloves on one hand, puts the index and middle fingers into the vagina for touch inspection, and places the other hand above the pubic symphysis.

　　1. Vagina: Touch the elasticity and smoothness of the vagina, and check for tenderness, deformity, swelling, posterior fornix nodules, and fullness.

　　2. Cervix: Touch the size, softness, and mobility of the cervix, as well as whether there is itching, pain, swelling, or contact bleeding.

　　3、Uterus And accessories: Push the cervix back and up to shift the uterine body forward. At the same time, use the hand placed above the pubic symphysis to press into the pelvic cavity. Clamp the uterus between the two hands and move it back and forth to check the position, size, shape, softness, mobility and tenderness of the uterus.

　　Then move the two fingers in the vagina to the lateral fornix, and move the other hand to one side of the pelvic cavity, and check the parametrial tissue, ovaries, and fallopian tubes between the inner and outer hands. Normal fallopian tubes are difficult to palpate, and the ovaries can sometimes be palpated, with a feeling of soreness and swelling when pressed. Pay attention to whether there is thickening, tenderness or mass in the appendage. If there is a mass, the size, shape, softness, mobility, tenderness and relationship between the mass and the uterus should be further investigated.

　　3. Triple diagnosis examination (combined vaginal, rectal and abdominal examination)

　　Insert the index finger of one hand into the vagina and the middle finger into the rectum, and place the other hand on the lower abdomen for collaborative palpation to determine the size of the retroflexed uterus, the condition of the posterior uterine wall, cardinal ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, utero-rectal fossa, vaginal rectal septum, medial pelvic wall and rectum, etc. Pay attention to the presence of thickening, tenderness and tumors.

　　Notice:

　　For the following disease , triad diagnosis is an essential step: tuberculosis, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease symptoms and female Benign and malignant tumors of the genitals. son cervical cancer The patient undergoes a triad diagnosis examination to confirm clinical Staging and selecting treatment methods are of great significance.

　　4. Anal and abdominal examination (joint examination of the anus and abdomen)

　　Insert the index finger of one hand into the rectum and place the other hand on the lower abdomen for inspection. It is suitable for unmarried women.

　　Gynecology Several inspections that are often used during inspections

　　1. Microscopic examination of leucorrhea

　　Use a wet cotton swab to take a smear of vaginal secretions and examine it under a microscope. It can be used for vaginal pathogenic bacteria (Trichomonas, Candida, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, etc.) and vaginal cleanliness.

　　2. Cervical scraping

　　Use a scraper along cervical erosion Scrape the surface and the inside of the cervical canal for a week, apply it lightly on the section, put it into fixative, and perform Pap staining to look for tumor cells. This is an important method for detecting early cervical cancer.

　　3. Biopsy

　　1. Cervical biopsy: Expose the cervix, wipe away the secretions on the surface of the cervix, and after local disinfection, use biopsy forceps to take samples from the suspicious cancerous area to the naked eye as much as possible at the junction of squamous and columnar epithelium. Generally, multiple biopsies are recommended. In order to improve the positive rate of diagnosis, multiple biopsies can be taken in the non-stained areas in the iodine test or the abnormal areas in the colposcopy. When cervical cancer is suspected, cervical canal curettage should be performed at the same time. The curettage should be fixed and then sent for medical examination. This is an important diagnostic method for the diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions or invasive cancer.