Key points of guidance on preventing common childhood diseases include:

The key points of guidance on the prevention of common children's diseases include five core directions: personalized daily care adaptation, scene-specific infection protection, dynamic nutrition and exercise adjustment, normalized early screening and follow-up, and latent psychological stress intervention. It covers the pre-prevention and control needs of more than 90% of children's common respiratory, digestive, skin, and neurological diseases. There are not so many fancy gimmicks, and it is all practical experience gained through hard work in the field of pediatric clinical and grassroots child care.

Last week, I met a mother in the outpatient clinic. She was holding her 3-year-old baby who had just gone away from the fever. She was looking sad. She said that the floor at home was wiped with hypochlorous acid every day, toys were disinfected three times a day, and a mask was welded to her face when she went out to eat. As a result, the baby contracted influenza A just a week after going to the kindergarten. "Am I not disinfecting strictly enough?" ”

Speaking of which, I have to mention that many parents tend to go to extremes on cleaning issues. Currently, there are indeed two different opinions in the academic circles regarding the daily cleaning of children's environment: One group believes that the probability of children's exposure to pathogenic bacteria should be minimized and the risk of infection should be reduced from the source.； The other group advocates "moderate exposure" and believes that children's exposure to normal flora in the natural environment can promote the development of the immune system. In fact, both statements have applicable scenarios - during the epidemic period of non-infectious diseases, the house can be cleaned with clean water normally. After children play in the sand or touch pets, it is fine as long as they wash their hands with running water and soap. There is no need to spray disinfectant every day. I have seen many parents of allergic children steaming their children's tableware in sterilizers every day. As a result, the children often get thrush. This is because the normal flora is destroyed and harmful bacteria take advantage of it. ； However, if infectious diseases such as influenza, hand, foot and mouth, and norovirus are prevalent in the area, or if there are sick members in the family, then it is necessary to disinfect high-frequency contact objects such as door handles and toys, and wear masks in closed public places. At this time, talking about "moderate dirtiness" is a waste of time.

In addition to external protection, there are actually more pitfalls in daily covering care. Don't believe in the old sayings that are universally applicable, such as "spring covers autumn frost" and "you want children to be safe from hunger and cold". I met a grandmother last winter. After hearing the saying "autumn frost", she dressed her allergic grandson in less clothes than adults. As a result, the child had a runny nose from the cold, which triggered allergic asthma, and she had to be hospitalized for a week. To put it bluntly, there is no unified standard for care. Just touch the back of the child's neck. If it is warm and not sweaty, it means the child is well-dressed. If the palms and soles of the child are hot and the back is damp, just take off some clothes quickly. If your child is allergic, check the pollen concentration in advance during the spring and autumn pollen season, wear a mask when going out, change clothes and wash your face promptly when you get home, which will be more effective than taking any health care products to improve immunity.

Don’t think that eating well and wearing warm clothes is enough. There are also many pitfalls in nutrition and exercise. A parent argued with me before, saying that my child eats two large bowls of rice every meal. How could he be lacking in nutrients? The result of the blood test was that the hemoglobin was only 90g/L, which is a typical iron deficiency anemia. After asking, I found out that the baby never eats red meat or animal liver, but only eats white rice and vegetables. Nowadays, many maternal and child bloggers say that probiotics and DHA should be taken from birth to adulthood, and some people say that as long as they eat normally, there is no need to supplement anything. In fact, both of these are wrong: children who are born at full term and have adequate milk and supplementary food can only take vitamin D supplements after birth until they are 2 years old. DHA can be supplemented by eating deep-sea fish 2-3 times a week. Probiotics are currently only necessary when children have acute diarrhea or prevent bacterial imbalance after taking antibiotics. The evidence-based evidence for daily routine supplementation is simply insufficient, and it is simply a waste of money. When exercising, you don’t have to force your child to run a certain number of steps every day. For children with asthma, strenuous running and jumping can easily trigger symptoms. Choose gentle swimming and walking. The most important thing is for your child to have fun. The core of exercise is to enhance physical fitness, not to complete KPIs.

Oh, by the way, there is another point that many parents don’t take seriously, which is routine early screening. Many people think that if a baby is eating, drinking, and jumping around, then he is not sick, and there is no need to spend money on a physical examination. I met a 4-year-old baby the year before last. His parents brought him to see the asymmetry of the leg lines. It turned out that he had congenital hip dislocation. The best correction period within 1 year old had been missed, and he had to have surgery in the end. In fact, children under the age of 6 should undergo comprehensive child health care at least once a year. Vision, hearing, hip joints, growth and development assessment and other items should be checked. It does not cost much. If there is a problem, early intervention is much more effective. If there is a family history of allergies, asthma, congenital heart disease, etc., it is best to do a targeted screening every six months. Don’t wait for symptoms to appear before worrying.

There is another invisible influencing factor that 90% of parents are not aware of, which is the child's mood and stress state. Last month, a mother brought her 6-year-old baby to see her for tics. She said that her baby had been blinking and clearing her throat recently, and taking medicine for half a month had no effect. After asking, she found out that her baby had just started elementary school, and her parents had been arguing recently about tutoring homework. It was a physical reaction of the baby due to stress. Later, her parents changed their education methods when they returned home and spent half an hour every day with the baby to build blocks and play games. Within two weeks, all the symptoms disappeared. Many times, the baby complains of headaches and stomachaches, but after a round of tests, no organic problems are found. Don’t open your mouth and say that the baby is just faking it. Most likely, there is an emotional problem. Pay more attention to the baby’s condition and reduce conflicts at home, which is more effective than any medicine.

In fact, to put it bluntly, there is no absolute standard answer to these guiding points. Every baby's body constitution and growth environment are different. Someone else's good method may be wrong when applied to your baby. Observe your own baby's reaction and adjust flexibly, which is more reliable than copying any popular science post.