How to pass stones from bladder

Bladder stones can be excreted by drinking a lot of water, drug dissolution, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, cystoscopic stone removal, surgical stone removal, etc. Bladder stones may be related to urinary tract obstruction, metabolic abnormalities, urinary tract infection, dietary factors, long-term bed rest and other factors. They usually present with symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination and urgency, and hematuria. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly and choose an appropriate treatment method under the guidance of a doctor.

1. Drink plenty of water

Maintaining a daily drinking volume of 2000-3000 ml of water can help flush the urethra and promote the natural discharge of stones less than 5 mm in diameter. You can drink alkaline drinks such as lemonade appropriately, but you need to avoid diuretic drinks such as strong tea and coffee that aggravate urine concentration. Trying jumping movements while urinating may help small stones move.

2. Drugs dissolve stone

Potassium hydrogen citrate sodium granules can alkalize urine and dissolve uric acid stones, while allopurinol tablets can inhibit the production of uric acid. Antibiotics such as cefixime dispersible tablets are suitable for stone patients with infection. The medicine must be used strictly in accordance with the doctor's instructions, and ultrasound must be reviewed regularly to monitor the dissolution of the stones.

3. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

It is suitable for stones with a diameter of 6-20 mm. The shock wave is generated by extracorporeal equipment to crush the stones. Coagulation function tests need to be performed before surgery. Hematuria or renal colic may occur after surgery, and stone removal drugs are required to assist in the discharge of debris. This method is less effective for cystine stones.

4. Cystoscope stone removal

Transurethral insertion of a cystoscope to directly extract or laser lithotripsy is suitable for larger stones located in the bladder neck. A urinary catheter needs to be left in place for 1-3 days after surgery, as urethral mucosal damage or infection may occur. Patients with prostatic hyperplasia need to deal with obstructive factors at the same time.

5. Surgery to remove stones

Open surgery is suitable for giant stones with a diameter of more than 30 mm or those with bladder diverticula. Suprapubic cystolithotomy requires general anesthesia, and the wound needs to be kept clean and prophylactic antibiotics used after surgery. Patients with long-term indwelling urinary catheters need to be diagnosed with neurogenic bladder.

Patients with bladder stones should limit their daily intake of high-oxalate foods such as spinach and bamboo shoots, and reduce their intake of high-purine foods such as animal offal. Maintain regular urination every day to avoid holding in urine, and exercise moderately to promote metabolism. Postoperative patients need to undergo regular urinary tract ultrasound examinations to monitor whether there is recurrence of stones. People with underlying diseases such as diabetes or hypertension need to control the primary disease at the same time. If fever or persistent hematuria occurs, seek medical attention immediately.