What are the contents and methods of basic first aid skills

The core of the basic first aid skills that ordinary non-medical practitioners need to master is how to deal with high-frequency scenarios such as cardiac arrest, foreign bodies in the airways, acute trauma, and common home accidents. After all, more than 90% of the first aid incidents that can be encountered daily are concentrated in these categories. There is no need to be greedy and learn too complex clinical operations. Understanding these few areas is enough to deal with most situations.

When I was doing a first aid science roadshow in the community square last month, I just set up the AED model when I encountered an old man walking and suddenly fell down. A group of people around him panicked and tried to grab his arm and yell at him. Some people said they wanted to strangle him. We rushed over and took a breath, and found that he was already gasping for breath. He was in a state of breathing, so he quickly called the young man next to him to help call 120 to get the real AED we brought, and he knelt on the ground and performed chest compressions. It only took about ten minutes. By the time 120 arrived, the uncle had already restored his own heartbeat. Later, a follow-up visit revealed that the recovery was very good, and there were no sequelae.

Let’s talk about the most critical cardiac arrest treatment, which is what everyone often hears: cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In fact, it is not difficult for ordinary people to learn it: as long as you find a person suddenly falling to the ground, calling him unresponsive, having no air under his nose, or just gasping like a fish opening his mouth, call 120 for help as soon as possible, and find someone nearby. There is no AED (automatic external defibrillator), then place the heel of your palm on the midpoint of the line connecting his nipples, straighten your arms and press down vertically, to a depth of about 5 to 6 cm. The speed should be maintained at 100 to 120 times per minute. If you can't remember the speed, just press to the beat of "Calories" or "Little Apple". There is still a controversial point in the academic community about whether non-professionals should perform artificial respiration. In fact, according to the latest domestic popular science guidelines, if you have not received formal training or are suspected of being at risk of infection, the effect of just continuous chest compressions will be no worse than artificial respiration, and there is no need to bear any psychological burden.

Another very common accident in daily life is the obstruction of foreign objects in the airway, especially for the elderly and children. It is particularly easy for them to get stuck after eating peanuts, jelly, rice cakes and other such things. A mother came to our popular science class before and said that two years ago her baby had jelly stuck in his throat. She could only pat the back. She couldn't take a picture for a long time and ended up going to the emergency room. She almost had an accident. After learning the Heimlich maneuver, she just used it last month: When the baby was eating peanuts, she choked with laughter, and her face suddenly turned red from suppressing it. She hugged the baby's waist from behind, clenched her fists two fingers above the baby's navel, and gave three quick thrusts inward and upward, and the peanuts spurted out. There is also a point that people often argue about: when a foreign object is stuck, should you pat the back first or do the Heimlich first? In fact, as long as the patient can still speak and cough loudly, encourage him to cough on his own first. At this time, the foreign object is not stuck tightly, and he will most likely be able to cough it out on his own. If he is speechless and his face is purple, then use Heimlich. Blind punching with force will easily break the ribs, especially for people with osteoporosis such as the elderly.

As for minor injuries such as cuts, abrasions, and burns that are often encountered in daily life, the treatment principle is simpler: if bleeding occurs, just use clean gauze or towel and press it directly on the wound to stop the bleeding. Do not sprinkle toothpaste, incense ash, or even pot ash on the open wound. This is also the special point for many elderly people at home. If you are stubborn, you always think that sprinkling something on the wound will stop the bleeding quickly. In fact, the bacteria carried by these things can easily cause infection and cause a lot of trouble for the doctor to debridement later. Unless it is a small superficial scratch, you can apply some topical hemostatic ointment after disinfection. If the deep wound cannot be stopped by applying pressure for three to five minutes, go to the hospital for stitches. For burns and scalds, remember these five words: "Rinse off the bubble cover and send it away." First, rinse with running cold water for more than 15 minutes, then carefully take off the clothes that are stuck to the skin, soak in cold water to cool down, then cover it with clean gauze and send it to the hospital. Do not apply soy sauce or toothpaste randomly. Before, I treated a young man who was splashed while eating hot pot. His girlfriend applied half a bottle of mint toothpaste to him. When he came to the hospital, it rubbed off the already fragile epidermis, which increased the risk of leaving scars.

To be honest, ordinary people don’t really need to know many professional operations to learn first aid. If they can remember the handling of these high-frequency scenarios, don’t panic when something happens, and ensure their own safety before taking action, it will be enough to help people around them.