What are the contents and requirements of basic first aid skills?

Don't add chaos, be able to support the situation, and nip the fatal risk before 120 arrives.

Many people get overwhelmed when they hear about learning first aid, thinking that they need to memorize a bunch of parameters and know dozens of operations. This is not true. The first thing you need to practice is the most unskilled judgment step - first scan the scene to see if there are any dangers, such as leakage wires, roadside traffic, and the risk of falling objects. Don't save people. First put yourself in, then tap the shoulder to call the person to judge consciousness, touch the carotid artery, check the rise and fall of the chest to see if they are breathing. If you follow these steps correctly, you will have avoided 80% of common mistakes. During our community drill last month, an uncle saw a prop person simulating fainting. He hugged and shook the person and called his name. If he encountered a patient with a cerebral hemorrhage or cervical spine injury in real life, these two shakes might send the person directly to the intensive care unit.

If you really encounter the situation of respiratory and cardiac arrest, if you dare to do chest compressions, you have already won over 90% of the onlookers. There is no need to worry about whether to do artificial respiration. There are already different opinions in the industry. Some people think that artificial respiration can improve the survival rate, while others are worried about ordinary people. Without protective measures, there is a risk of infection. Now we will say in popular science that if you have concerns, just do pure chest compressions. The frequency is 100 to 120 times per minute and the depth is 5 to 6 centimeters. If you can’t remember the parameters, just follow the beat of "Little Apple". It is very accurate. There are also AEDs that can be seen everywhere in subways and shopping malls. Don’t be afraid to touch them. They are fool-proof devices for ordinary people. Just turn them on and follow the voice prompts. Wipe the sweat off your chest before attaching the electrode pads to avoid the position of the implanted pacemaker. The young man who saved an old man with a heart attack at the Hangzhou subway station last year had only seen a 1-minute short popular science video before, and he did not make any mistakes when he first started using it.

The most common injuries we encounter in daily life are injuries, such as cuts on hands while cutting vegetables, broken heads when falling down, and sprained feet during exercise. If there is bleeding, first use clean gauze or towel to press on the wound to stop the bleeding. Do not sprinkle cigarette ash, Yunnan Baiyao or even toothpaste on the wound. These things can easily contaminate the wound surface and cause trouble for the doctor to debridement later. If you encounter heavy bleeding and need to tie a tourniquet, remember the time of tie and loosen it for 3 to 5 minutes every 40 minutes. Otherwise, the limb will be ischemic and necrotic for too long, and you will end up doing bad things with good intentions. There are also those who have fallen down and are in pain and suspected of having fractures, especially those who have broken their necks or waists. Do not help them casually. This happened in our community last year. An old lady slipped and fell while walking downstairs. A neighbor kindly went up and helped her up to a sitting position. It was originally just a cracked lumbar spine, but this time it directly pressed on the nerve, and she ended up having to undergo surgery. It was a pity.

If you have elderly children at home, it is best to remember the Heimlich maneuver. When you are choking, stand behind your back and put your fist on the two fingers above the navel, and thrust it inwards and upwards quickly. My best friend was feeding jelly to her child at home last month, and the child choked and his face turned purple. She just followed the general steps of the popular science memo before, and the jelly came out in just two strokes. If she had been so panicked that she could only pat the back, it might have been delayed. Oh, and there is another common controversy: Should I apply toothpaste or soy sauce when I get burned? Many people of the older generation think that applying it can relieve pain. In fact, this is not recommended in clinical practice for a long time. Not only is it easy to get infected, but the dark seasoning will also affect the doctor's judgment of the depth of the burn. The correct way is to run cold water for 15 to 20 minutes, then cover it with clean gauze and go to the hospital.

In fact, for ordinary people, there are really not that many hard requirements to learn basic first aid. You don’t need to memorize all the parameters. The most important thing is not to panic when something happens. Call 120 first to explain the address and patient’s condition. Even if you don’t know how to do anything, helping to evacuate the crowd of onlookers or picking up the ambulance at the intersection is better than just randomly bumping into someone. To put it bluntly, basic first aid is a safety net that ordinary people set up for those around them. There is no need to pursue 100% standard operation, as long as you dare to reach out and don't act blindly, that's enough.