Sports injury prevention and treatment teaching design

For ordinary middle school students and amateur sports enthusiasts aged 12-18, it uses four 45-minute practical-oriented courses to implement the core framework of "scenario-based pre-prevention + layered emergency response + long-term behavior correction". Ultimately, more than 90% of learners can independently identify more than 80% of daily sports risks, independently complete emergency response to mild to moderate sports injuries, and avoid secondary injuries caused by incorrect handling.

My original intention for this design is quite heartbreaking. When I was leading the school's track and field team three years ago, a kid in the second grade of junior high school stepped on a tooth during the 100-meter dash and sprained his foot. Teammates gathered around him, rubbing and spraying safflower oil, and tried to lift him up and jump him to the infirmary. Fortunately, I was there to stop him. Otherwise, it was just a mild ligament strain, and it might have been partially torn, and he would have to rest for half a year. Later, I checked the data reported by our district education bureau and found that 82% of youth sports injuries occurred in informal sports settings where there were no professionals present. They were either playing ball after school, or practicing running at the last minute during a physical test. In fact, fewer accidents occurred in professional training classes.

When it comes to prevention, there are actually two very different ideas in the circle now. Most old-school physical education teachers believe in the "universal warm-up logic". Whether you want to play badminton or run 1,000 meters next, you should first run around the playground twice, then press your legs and move your wrists and ankles one by one. The advantage is that it is simple and easy to remember and less likely to make mistakes.； The other is the "special activation logic" that has become popular in recent years. For example, if you want to play volleyball, you should first do rotator cuff activation. If you want to run long distances, you should first practice dynamic arch activation and hip opening. It is highly targeted and has better preventive effects. However, it is troublesome for ordinary people to remember. Different sports require different warm-up procedures. I don't lean on either side in the class. I teach both. Students who usually just move around can be warmed up enough with the general one. Special enthusiasts with fixed hobbies can learn the corresponding special activation process and choose according to their needs.

I won’t just talk about knowledge points in the first class. I’ll first show some footage I usually take of students playing ball and running, and play a little game of “risk-finding”. Don’t tell me, what the students found was more detailed than I expected: someone was wearing canvas shoes and playing When grabbing rebounds under the basket, some people warm up only by pressing their legs without moving their ankles, and some people drink iced Coke before running 1,000 meters. If you find out these risk points, everyone will naturally have an impression. It is more effective than me reading the PPT 10 times.

Of course, no matter how good the prevention is, accidents will inevitably happen. The issue of emergency response is actually more controversial. Everyone has memorized the RICE principle (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) for more than ten years. In recent years, it has been greatly impacted by the new POLICE principle (protection, appropriate weight-bearing, ice, compression, and elevation). Young sports medicine doctors feel that complete rest in RICE is not conducive to recovery, and that proper weight bearing can speed up healing. However, many veteran team doctors who have been working for 20 or 30 years feel that ordinary people cannot judge what "proper weight bearing" is. If something goes wrong and worsens, it is safer to use RICE first. I didn’t say which one is right or wrong in the class. Let me first explain clearly the applicable scenarios of the two principles: If it is just a slight twist, you can barely walk on tiptoe, and there is no severe pain, you can use the POLICE principle. It is okay to carry out some weight-bearing activities. ； If the pain is so severe that you can't stand up at all, or you can even hear abnormal noises, then don't move blindly. After treatment according to the RICE principle, send the patient to the hospital for a radiograph as soon as possible. Don't carry it.

The second and third classes are all practical. I will prepare simulated ankle models, elastic bandages, ice packs, and disinfection supplies. Two people will practice together, such as how to tie a compression bandage on a sprained foot and how to disinfect and bandage a bruised knee. There was a boy who was afraid of loosening the bandage before. , the bandage was extremely tight, and my partner complained that his feet were numb after just two minutes, so I followed the scene and said that after bandaging, you should feel the temperature of the tip of the toe. If it is cooler than the other foot or numb, it means the bandage is too tight and needs to be loosened. The memory gained from this kind of practical operation is much stronger than memorizing knowledge points. I will also deliberately add a "pit" and put a few bottles of safflower oil and active oil next to it. Many students will pick it up and spray it on the "injured" area. I will tell them that the acute bleeding period occurs within 72 hours of the injury. Using these blood-activating things will only make the swelling worse. When can they use it? Wait at least 72 hours for the swelling to subside before using again.

There is actually no new knowledge in the fourth class. It is just to help you find the pitfalls in your own exercise habits. For example, many girls like to wear canvas shoes with thin soles for running. Over time, they are prone to patellar chondromalacia, and some people never wear protective gear when playing ball. , I always feel uncomfortable wearing it, so I will show them the film of my sprained ankle when I ran a half-marathon before. I didn’t wear it because I thought it was too stuffy. I stepped on a pebble and it tore off the fracture. I had to rest for two months. The bloody lessons are more convincing than anything else. Oh yes, I will also specially add a section about exercise for girls during their menstrual period. Many people either think that they cannot move at all during their menstrual period, or that they are prone to problems if they exercise violently during their menstrual period. Many courses have ignored this before, but it is actually quite important.

I change this design every year. Last year, I added injury prevention for emerging sports such as Frisbee and flag football. This year, I plan to add basic injury treatment for skiing. After all, more and more children are skiing in winter. In the final analysis, the most useless thing about this kind of class is to teach general principles, so that everyone can not panic when something happens and don't deal with it blindly. That's enough. There was a student who had been taking classes for half a year. When a teammate sprained his foot while playing, he was immediately helped to the sidelines to apply ice, put a compression bandage on, and took him to the hospital. The doctor said that the treatment was very good. He was supposed to rest for three weeks, but he was almost able to walk in one week. When I heard this, I felt that this lesson was not in vain.