Prenatal check-up items

　　At 14 weeks, all the examinations that need to be done come at once. Now I'll help you line them up so you don't know where to start. Prenatal check-up can detect the physical changes of expectant mothers during pregnancy and fetus development status, its importance is self-evident. During a comprehensive check-up at about 14 weeks of pregnancy, expectant mothers hold a lot of test sheets in their hands and often see "confused" as to why they need so many tests!

　　Measure your height only once during the entire pregnancy. Your doctor will use your height-to-weight ratio to estimate whether you are overweight or underweight, as well as your pelvic bone size. Measuring body weight is a must-have item for every pregnancy check-up. The growth of the fetus can be indirectly measured through the expectant mother's weight. If the expectant mother gains too little weight, the fetus may be stunted; if the expectant mother gains too much weight, she may be prone to macrosomia.

　　The weight gain during the entire pregnancy is about 12.5 kilograms, with an average gain of 0.5 kilograms per week in the third trimester. Of course, this is only a reference value and will vary from person to person. Measuring blood pressure is a must during every pregnancy check-up. High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of preeclampsia, which will affect the development and growth of the fetus. Standard value: should not exceed 130/190mmHg, or increase by no more than 30/15mmHg compared with basal blood pressure (blood pressure before pregnancy).

　　When asking about the medical history, the doctor will ask in detail what diseases the expectant mother has had before, what diseases her family members have had, whether she has been exposed to harmful substances within six months of pregnancy, etc., as well as her menstrual history and marital history. Listening to Fetal Heart Sounds In the 13th week of pregnancy, you can already stop listening to fetal heart sounds. Hearing the fetal heartbeat can indicate that the fetus in the abdomen is alive. The doctor will prescribe a series of laboratory tests only after hearing the beating of the fetal heart. Normal range: 120-160 times per minute.

　　Measure uterine height and abdominal circumference. Expectant mothers should measure uterine height and abdominal circumference every time during prenatal check-ups to estimate the intrauterine development of the fetus. At the same time, draw a pregnancy chart based on the uterine height to understand the intrauterine development of the fetus and whether it induces retardation or macrosomia. Purpose of laboratory tests and routine blood tests: to check hemoglobin and determine whether the mother-to-be is anemia , mild anemia has little impact on pregnant women and childbirth, while severe anemia can cause premature birth , low birth weight infants and other adverse consequences.

　　Therefore, if anemia is discovered, it should be treated promptly. Check the blood type in preparation for blood transfusion during delivery. It is very important for expectant mothers to know their blood type. If the husband has type A, B or AB blood, and the pregnant woman has type O blood, the baby may have ABO blood type incompatibility, and corresponding examinations are required.

　　Normal value of hemoglobin: 110g/L-150g/L Reference price: 20 yuan·Purpose of routine urine examination: Check whether there are protein, sugar and ketone bodies in the urine, microscopic examination of red blood cells and white blood cells, especially the detection of protein, can indicate whether there is any gestational hypertension wait disease 's appearance. Reference price: 8 yuan · Liver function and kidney function test Purpose: Check whether the expectant mother has hepatitis, nephritis and other diseases. The burden on the liver and kidneys increases during pregnancy. If the liver and kidney function are abnormal, pregnancy will make the original disease "worse".

　　Normal liver function values: alanine aminotransferase 0-40U/L; O-421U/L; total bilirubin 0.6-1.2Mg/dl. Normal values ​​of renal function: urea nitrogen 8-21Mg/dl; creatinine 0.9mg/dl. Reference price: 82 yuan·Test AIDS Virus (HIV) Antibodies Purpose: Check whether the mother is infected with AIDS. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main transmission routes of AIDS.

　　Normal: Negative Reference price: 42 yuan·Measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening nerve Diseases such as anencephaly and spina bifida. Normal value: "20" Reference price: 52 yuan·Check Hepatitis B Six items: Check whether pregnant women are infected with hepatitis B virus. If you are already infected, you should be transferred to an infectious disease specialist Hospital Go to production.

　　Normal: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAa), negative, hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), negative; hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), negative; hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe), negative; hepatitis B core antibody lgG (anti-HBc IgG), negative; hepatitis B core antibody lgM (anti-HBc lgM), negative. Reference price: 57 yuan·Checking for hepatitis C (HCV) virus Purpose: To check whether the expectant mother is infected with the hepatitis C virus. The hepatitis C virus can also be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta.

　　If you are already infected, you should be transferred to a specialized infectious disease hospital for delivery. Normal: Negative Reference price: 92 yuan·Screening for Down's syndrome Every expectant mother needs to be screened for Down's syndrome at 14-17 weeks. This is a chromosomal examination. If it is suspicious or positive, amniocentesis should be done to confirm whether the fetal chromosomes are normal.

　　Expectant mothers over 35 years old are more at risk due to their age, so it is more necessary to do this examination. Reference price: 100 yuan·Check rubella virus (RV), Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) Purpose: If the expectant mother is infected with the above viruses before 4 months of pregnancy, the fetus may have severe congenital malformations or even miscarriage. A better approach is to have this test before pregnancy and, if the test is positive, undergo treatment before becoming pregnant again.

　　Normal: All are negative. Reference price: 297 yuan. B-ultrasound can be done for the first time at 18-24 weeks. It can see complete images of the fetal body, fetal heartbeat, fetal head and placenta. It can also hear fetal heart sounds, fetal movement sounds, umbilical cord blood flow sounds, placental blood flow sounds, etc.

　　It can detect whether the fetus is alive, and identify whether the pregnancy is normal, whether it is multiple births, etc. Reference price: General B-ultrasound 30 yuan, color B-ultrasound 120 yuan. Purpose of electrocardiogram: to rule out heart disease to confirm whether the expectant mother can withstand childbirth. If the electrocardiogram is abnormal, further ultrasound examination can be carried out, and a cardiologist should be consulted if necessary.