How to treat cervical squamous cell tumors

The main treatments for cervical squamous cell tumors include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

1. Surgical resection

Early-stage cervical squamous cell tumors are usually treated with surgical resection. Common surgical procedures include cervical conization and total hysterectomy. Cervical conization is suitable for patients whose tumors are limited to the surface of the cervix and can preserve fertility. Total hysterectomy is suitable for patients with large tumors or infiltration into the cervical stroma. Regular follow-up is required after surgery to monitor recurrence.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy is an important treatment for cervical squamous cell tumors, including external beam radiation and brachytherapy. External beam radiation uses a linear accelerator to irradiate the pelvic area, and brachytherapy is delivered through intracavity or intertissue implantation. Radiation therapy can be used as an adjuvant treatment to surgery or as a radical treatment for patients who cannot undergo surgery. Adverse reactions such as radiation cystitis and proctitis may occur during treatment.

3. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is often used in the comprehensive treatment of intermediate and advanced cervical squamous cell tumors. Commonly used chemotherapy regimens include cisplatin alone or cisplatin combined with paclitaxel. Chemotherapy can be used simultaneously as a sensitizer for radiotherapy, and can also be used for postoperative adjuvant therapy or palliative care for patients with recurrence and metastasis. Chemotherapy drugs may cause side effects such as bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions, which require close monitoring and timely treatment.

4. Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy is a treatment method that targets tumor-specific molecular targets. Bevacizumab is a targeted drug approved for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer that exerts anti-tumor effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. Other targeted drugs, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, have also shown certain efficacy in clinical trials. Targeted therapy needs to be selected individually based on genetic testing results.

5. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy works by activating the body's immune system to fight tumors. PD-1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab have been approved for second-line treatment of PD-L1-positive cervical cancer. Immunotherapy has the characteristics of durable response, but may cause immune-related adverse reactions such as thyroid dysfunction, pneumonia, etc. During treatment, the efficacy needs to be evaluated regularly and adverse reactions monitored.

Patients with cervical squamous cell tumors should maintain a balanced diet, properly supplement high-quality protein and vitamins, and avoid spicy and irritating foods. During treatment, pay attention to rest, avoid strenuous exercise, and keep the perineum clean. Regularly review tumor markers and imaging examinations to monitor changes in the condition. At the same time, we should pay attention to psychological adjustment and seek professional psychological support when necessary. If abnormal symptoms occur, you should seek medical treatment promptly and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of a doctor.