What are those small particles on the glans?

The small bumps on the glans penis could be caused by conditions such as papular penile papules, sebaceous adenosis, genital warts, folliculitis, or allergic dermatitis. Common causes include physiological changes, infections, or allergic reactions; the specific diagnosis requires consideration of the associated symptoms and physical manifestations.

1. Pearl-like penile papules

Pearly penile papules are a benign physiological phenomenon characterized by small, white or pale red granules arranged in a regular pattern around the coronal sulcus of the glans penis. These granules have a diameter of approximately 1 to 3 millimeters and are neither painful nor itchy. It may be related to local hygiene practices or an overly long foreskin; no special treatment is required, simply maintaining cleanliness in the perineal area is sufficient. If it affects appearance, consider removing it using laser or cryotherapy.

2. Sebaceous adenosis

Sebaceous adenosis is caused by abnormal development of the sebaceous glands, resulting in yellow or skin-colored flat granules on the surface of the glans penis that feel rough to the touch. It commonly occurs in males after puberty and is related to hormone levels; it usually does not come accompanied by discomfort such as redness, swelling, or pain. No treatment is required; simply avoid repeated friction and irritation.

3. Genital warts

Genital warts are caused by an HPV infection. Initially, they appear as scattered light red papules that gradually develop into cauliflower-like growths with a moist surface that bleeds easily. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, and it is necessary to seek medical attention promptly for a diagnosis. Treatment options include the topical application of imiquimod cream or carbon dioxide laser ablation; spouses should also undergo concurrent examinations.

4. Folliculitis

Folliculitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection of the hair follicles, manifesting as red papules with pustules that are painful upon pressure. It commonly occurs when sweat is not cleaned in time or due to friction from clothing. Mupirocin ointment can be applied topically to prevent infection. Recurrent episodes may indicate the need to investigate underlying conditions such as diabetes.

5. Allergic dermatitis

After coming into contact with allergenic substances such as condoms or detergents, the glans penis may develop clusters of red papules accompanied by itching; in severe cases, edema and exudation may occur. Immediately stop using the suspicious product and rinse it with clean water. Apply desonide cream topically as directed by a doctor. It is generally recommended to choose underwear made from materials that are less likely to cause allergies.

It is recommended to wash the perineal area with warm water daily, avoiding the use of irritating cleansers. Wearing loose cotton underwear can help reduce friction, and it’s important to take proper precautions during sexual activity. If the particles continue to increase in size, rupture, or are accompanied by discharge, it is necessary to seek medical attention from a dermatologist or urologist promptly. In some cases, a acetic acid test or a pathological biopsy may be required to determine the nature of the condition. Do not scratch the area yourself or apply any unknown medications externally.