Which menstrual conditions signal disease

　　“female The normal menstrual cycle is 24-35 days. ”Peking University third Hospital Zhang Lufang, chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, told the "Life Times" reporter that the correct calculation method is that one cycle is from the first day of the last menstruation to the first day of the current menstruation. A normal menstrual period (i.e. bleeding period) lasts 2-7 days, and the amount of menstrual blood each time is 20-60 ml. In addition to blood, menstrual blood also contains Uterus Endometrial fragments, cervical mucus and vaginal epithelial cells. Symptoms below menstruation often indicate disease occurrence.

　　1. Excessive menstrual flow.

　　Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, referred to as "dysfunctional uterine bleeding", is more common in young women. sexually transmitted diseases changed Menstrual disorders . Zhang Lufang explained that there are two types of functional blood, one of which is functional blood caused by incomplete development of gonadal axis in adolescent girls, resulting in anovulation or acyclic ovulation. clinical Symptoms of irregular blood loss or heavy menstrual flow, in severe cases anemia Even hemorrhagic shock. The other is ovulation failure. Zhang Lufang explained that menstrual cycles follow ovulation, and heavy menstrual blood volume, more than 80 ml each time, is often caused by excessive endometrial fibrinolytic activity or imbalanced secretion of prostaglandin vasomotor factors. Endometriosis and adenomyosis can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding, along with severe Dysmenorrhea . Certain blood diseases affect coagulation and can also lead to menstrual irregularities and heavy menstrual flow, such as thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukemia, etc.

　　2. Low menstrual flow or amenorrhea.

　　At present, the most common cause is polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition to amenorrhea and infertility, it is also accompanied by obesity, hirsutism, acne, etc. Some patients are complicated by diabetes. Zhang Lufang said that malignant tumors of the reproductive system, such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, can also manifest as menstrual disorders, which requires special vigilance. In recent years, malignant tumors have become younger and younger. If you have abnormal menstruation, you must have a gynecological examination and cancer screening. In addition, medications (such as emergency contraceptive pills and diet pills) may cause amenorrhea. Zhang Lufang said that some women lack contraceptive measures and only rely on oral emergency contraceptive pills, which leads to amenorrhea in many cases. In addition to drugs, excessive dieting and weight loss can inhibit hypothalamic function and lead to neurological amenorrhea. Menstruation is also controlled by the cerebral cortex. Changes in living environment or severe mood swings may also lead to menstrual disorders.

　　3. The cycle is too short.

　　Abnormal luteal function can cause short menstrual cycles, often less than 20 days, long menstrual periods, and dirty vaginal discharge.

　　4. The cycle is too long.

　　Irregular menstruation also requires attention to pregnancy-related diseases. Ectopic pregnancy, also known as ectopic pregnancy, most patients have amenorrhea or prolonged menstrual cycle. However, some patients may have no obvious history of menopause and only present with irregular menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding. This is often mistaken for menstrual disorder, resulting in delayed diagnosis.

　　5. Irregular menstrual cycle.

　　Irregular light bleeding between menstrual periods may be caused by insufficient estrogen levels. In addition, "irregular menstruation" may also be a sign of certain diseases. “For example, benign and malignant diseases of the female reproductive system, such as inflammation of the vagina, cervix, uterus and other parts; uterine fibroids, especially submucosal fibroids, can cause irregular bleeding and heavy menstrual blood, which can be easily ignored by young patients who are not sexually active; endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and inflammation may all lead to irregular menstruation. In addition, diseases in other organs other than the reproductive system, such as thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), adrenal gland dysfunction and other endocrine diseases can also affect ovulation and lead to abnormal menstruation.

　　6. Abnormal color of menstrual blood.

　　“Menstrual blood that is too bright red is a sign of blood heat. ”Professor Yang Li from Xiyuan Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences said that such people are often accompanied by excessive menstruation and should pay attention to clearing fire. They can drink water soaked in chrysanthemums, bamboo leaves, etc. For people whose menstrual blood is too dark, it is because the body has been cold and the cold air has accumulated in the body. Therefore, women should do a good job of "insulating" the abdomen in all seasons, and should not eat cold drinks or touch cold water during menstruation.

　　7. There are blood clots or peculiar smell.

　　Yang Li explained that blood clots in menstrual blood are a sign of blood stasis and are often accompanied by dysmenorrhea. The most effective way is to use a hot water bottle to compress the abdomen during menstruation, or drink some Siwu Decoction. Menstrual blood has a peculiar smell, which is a manifestation of inflammation. It usually manifests as excessive leucorrhea and a peculiar smell. You can use dilute potassium permanganate to clean the vulva, and pay attention to menstrual and daily hygiene.