What is the white granule on the glans penis?

The white granular substance on the glans may be pearly penile papules or ectopic sebaceous glands, or it may be related to fungal infection, smegma accumulation, genital warts and other factors. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly for a clear diagnosis.

1. Pearly penile papules

Pearly penile papules appear as small white or light red particles arranged around the coronal groove of the glans penis, with a diameter of 1-3 mm and a pearly luster. This phenomenon is a benign hyperplasia, which may be related to local irritation or abnormal physiological development, and usually does not require treatment. If it affects the appearance, laser or freeze removal can be considered. The perineum needs to be kept clean and dry daily.

2. Ectopia of sebaceous glands

Sebaceous heterotopia is the abnormal distribution of sebaceous glands in the mucous membrane, which is manifested by the appearance of light yellow or white particles in the glans, inner plate of foreskin and other parts, without pain or itching. This condition is related to changes in hormone levels and generally does not require special treatment. However, it needs to be differentiated from skin diseases such as lichen planus. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed through dermoscopy.

3. Fungal infection

Candida albicans infection may cause white flocculent secretions or granular pseudomembranes to appear on the glans penis, accompanied by itching, redness and swelling. It is common in people with excessive foreskin, diabetes or low immunity. A fungal microscopy is required to confirm the diagnosis, and antifungal drugs such as miconazole nitrate cream and clotrimazole suppositories can be used as directed by the doctor, along with sodium bicarbonate solution for cleaning.

4. Accumulation of smegma

When the foreskin is not cleaned enough, the exfoliated epithelial cells mix with the secretions to form white smegma, which may adhere to the granular material. Long-term accumulation can easily induce balanitis. It is recommended to wash it with warm water every day. Circumcision may be considered for those with excessive foreskin. When combined with inflammation, short-term topical erythromycin ointment or mupirocin ointment can be used.

5. Genital warts

Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus infection may appear as tiny white particles in the early stage and develop into cauliflower-like growths in the later stage. It is contagious and needs to be confirmed by acetic acid white test or HPV test. Treatment options include podophyllotoxin tincture, imiquimod cream and other drugs, or carbon dioxide laser and photodynamic therapy to remove warts.

In daily life, you should choose breathable cotton underwear and avoid excessive washing or use of harsh detergents. If abnormal secretions, ulcers or granules continue to increase, you must seek medical attention immediately. It is prohibited to scrape or apply medication on your own. People with excessive foreskin are recommended to wash their foreskin every day and dry it completely. Sexual partners who have similar symptoms need to be examined and treated together. The diet should be light and the intake of spicy food should be reduced to reduce local irritation.