What are the contents of prevention and management of common childhood diseases?

To put it bluntly, the core is "try to prevent yourself when you are not sick, don't treat yourself when you are sick, and don't be careless after you recover." It covers the core dimensions of daily home protection, vaccination, disease early warning and identification, standardized diagnosis and treatment follow-up, and post-healing and rehabilitation adjustments. It is all practical content that we have accumulated through five or six years of working in community child care, and it is not an empty theory floating in the book.

Think about it, your child's immune system is like a new recruit who has just taken up the job. It has to fight weak germs from time to time to practice. If you block all germs tightly, you will not be able to defeat powerful viruses. I met a mother at a free clinic a while ago. Her baby got pneumonia three times in the first half year of kindergarten. She usually dresses her baby two more layers than others every day, scalds the tableware three times with disinfectant water every time, and sprays disinfectant water on the floor at home. However, she gets sick easily. This is actually a pitfall of "over-protection" in daily protection. There is a lot of discussion about daily disinfection now. Some pediatricians believe that daily disinfection of children's items can reduce contact with germs, while some infectious diseases doctors believe that frequent use of disinfectant products will destroy the normal flora on the baby's body and environment, making it easier for pathogenic bacteria to invade. In fact, the compromise is to go to hospitals, playgrounds and other places with high germs to disinfect properly. When playing in the community or going to school, just wash hands with ordinary soap and running water, and wash and boil tableware normally. There is no need to create a sterile environment.

In addition to these small daily protections, the most cost-effective way to prevent disease is actually vaccination. In the past, many parents were confused about whether to get the second category of vaccines, especially the hand, foot and mouth, whorls and pneumococcal vaccines. They always thought that one category was enough. I have met several children who did not get whorls and got autumn diarrhea in the autumn. They were hospitalized for dehydration. Not to mention the cost of the vaccine was dozens of times. The child suffered a lot. Of course, it is true that some children have side effects of mild fever and rash after vaccination, and some parents feel that since it is not mandatory, there is no need for vaccination. In fact, this can be chosen based on the child's constitution, local disease prevalence, and family circumstances. We usually explain the pros and cons to parents clearly, and will not forcefully persuade them.

Of course, no matter how thorough the prevention is, there is no guarantee that the baby will not get sick at all. At this time, scientific disease management is particularly important. Many parents panic when they see their baby with a fever and want to get rid of it immediately with infusions. In fact, a fever caused by an upper respiratory tract infection usually lasts for 3-5 days. As long as the child is in good spirits, can eat and play, physical cooling at home and use antipyretics as needed are enough. Last year, I met a mother whose baby had a fever of 38.5 and insisted on giving her antibiotics and injections. In the end, the fever subsided, but the baby's intestinal flora was disturbed and she had diarrhea for half a month. Of course, I don’t mean to force everyone to carry it. If the baby has a fever for more than 3 days, is listless, has a rash, is short of breath, or shows signs of convulsions, he must be sent to the hospital immediately. Don’t delay things by carrying it, especially for babies under three years old, whose condition changes quickly, so it’s always good to pay more attention.

Not everything will be fine once the disease is cured. Recovery and adjustments after recovery are actually an important part of management. Many parents tend to miss this aspect, which in turn causes their children to get sick again and again. For example, many parents think that their children have recovered from pneumonia and immediately take supplements. They stew all kinds of big fish and meat, and make up soups, hoping to immediately replenish the scales that were lost due to illness. In fact, if the baby has a weak spleen and stomach, eating too greasy food will easily lead to relapse. I usually recommend that parents give their children some light porridge and noodles, add a small amount of soft boiled vegetables, and slowly add meat. Don’t go to crowded places immediately when going out. Wait three to five days before going to kindergarten. The probability of relapse can be reduced by more than half.

In fact, these contents are not profound knowledge after all, they are just daily details. If you pay more attention, your child will avoid a lot of mistakes.