What causes hematospermia

Hematospermia may be caused by prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, urethral injury, reproductive system tumors, or coagulation disorders. The treatment of hematospermia requires anti-infective treatment, hemostatic drugs or surgical intervention according to the specific cause.

1. Prostatitis:

Prostatitis is one of the common causes of hematospermia. Inflammation causes congestion and edema of prostate tissue, and blood mixes into semen after capillaries rupture. Patients may experience frequent urination, urgency, or perineal pain. Treatment is mainly antibiotics, and commonly used drugs include levofloxacin, doxycycline, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid prolonged sitting and spicy diet.

2. Seminal vesiculitis:

Seminal vesiculitis is mostly caused by bacterial infection, and increased fragility of blood vessels in the seminal vesicle wall can lead to bleeding. Typical symptoms are pain during ejaculation, distension in the lower abdomen, and pink or dark red semen. Treatment requires a full course of sensitive antibiotics, combined with warm water sitz baths to improve local blood circulation. Chronic seminal vesiculitis may require seminal vesiculoscopic irrigation treatment.

3. Urethral injury:

Injury to the urethral mucosa is common during rough sex, urethral instrumentation, or stone expulsion. Bleeding from the injured area is directly mixed into semen, often manifesting as bright red hematospermia. Mild injuries can heal on their own by drinking more fluids and suspending sexual intercourse. Severe tears require urethral suture surgery.

4. Reproductive system tumors:

Necrosis and bleeding of malignant tumor tissues such as prostate cancer and seminal vesicle cancer can lead to persistent hematospermia. Middle-aged and elderly patients should be highly vigilant if they develop symptoms such as weight loss and bone pain. Tumor marker detection and imaging examinations are required to confirm the diagnosis, and radical surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy are selected according to the stage.

5. Coagulation dysfunction:

Blood diseases such as hemophilia and thrombocytopenia may cause spontaneous genital tract bleeding. Such patients are often accompanied by bleeding tendencies in other parts of the body and require complete coagulation function tests. Treatment is mainly based on infusion of coagulation factors or platelets, while avoiding the use of anticoagulant drugs.

Patients with hematospermia should maintain a moderate sexual frequency and avoid excessive stimulation of the reproductive system. Eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C in your diet to enhance blood vessel elasticity, such as kiwi fruit, oranges, etc. In the acute stage, cold compresses can be applied to the perineum to stop bleeding, and in the recovery stage, hot compresses can be used to promote the absorption of inflammation. It is recommended to wear loose cotton underwear to reduce local friction. Those over 40 years old who have hematospermia for the first time or whose symptoms last for more than 2 weeks need to undergo a comprehensive examination of the urinary system in time to rule out malignant lesions. Pay attention to daily observation of semen color changes, record bleeding frequency and accompanying symptoms, and provide reference for doctors to make diagnosis.