What is the content of first aid and emergency health training?

The core of the current formal first aid and emergency health training is set around the goal of "dare to use it, do not cause trouble, and be really useful" for ordinary people. There is no pretense, and they are all methods of dealing with scenarios that are likely to be encountered in daily life.

Last week, I went to an office building with a first aid lecturer from a community health service center to give a lecture. When we were leaving, an administrative girl pulled us and said that she had seen first aid videos online before, and she saw a colleague who choked on drinking coffee and couldn't breathe. Her mind went blank and she couldn't think of anything. In the end, the cleaning lady patted her on the back. She came specifically to ask if she could give them a few more practical lessons instead of just showing them PPT. In fact, the current training has long stopped following the textbooks. You are first pulled to touch the simulator, and you first practice the most necessary cardiac arrest handling, how to tap the shoulder to call the person to judge consciousness, how to find the compression position, what is the correct depth of compression, how to follow the voice prompts when the AED is taken out, and practice until you can reflexively correct if you press the wrong button before moving on. Next is the Heimlich maneuver, which does not give you a dry list of items. Instead, it gives you different simulation props to practice directly. It also simulates real-life scenarios such as a child getting stuck in his throat while eating or a child swallowing a toy. After practicing it, you will naturally know where to put your hands next time you encounter a similar situation.

In addition to the treatment of these critical and serious diseases, daily emergency health content accounts for a large proportion. For example, if you encounter heatstroke in summer, don't come up and pour ice water on the person. If it is light, just move it to a cool place and give some electrolyte water. If it is severe, you should rush to the doctor.； If the old man fell at home, don't rush to pull him up. Squat down and shout twice to see if he is conscious, and feel if the limbs are deformed. If the femoral neck is fractured, if you pull it, the dislocation will be more serious. We have encountered real cases before. The old man fell in the shower, and his wife was anxious to pull him up. In the end, he had to undergo surgery after conservative treatment. There are also how to clean the wound when a cat scratches or bites a dog, how to open doors and windows as soon as possible when poisoning with carbon monoxide, and not to turn on electrical appliances and use mobile phones. How to feed sugar to a diabetic patient without choking when he faints due to hypoglycemia. These detailed knowledge points are all explained in real cases, making it easy to remember.

Oh, by the way, there is still a controversial content in the industry, which is whether to teach ordinary people how to use tourniquets. One group is a lecturer from the hospital. They think that ordinary people have no operating experience. If the position of the tourniquet is wrong and they forget to remember the time, it is easy to cause ischemia and necrosis of the limbs. Instead, it is better to teach the use of tourniquets to stop bleeding safely, which can basically cover more than 90% of bleeding scenarios.； The other group is a teacher who often does outdoor emergency training. They believe that if you encounter extreme situations such as breaking an artery while climbing or bleeding heavily in a car accident, and the pressure cannot stop it, using a tourniquet can save your life. Nowadays, more formal training will clearly explain the views of both groups, and will also specifically remind you not to use a tourniquet unless absolutely necessary. If you use a tourniquet, you must clearly mark the binding time on it for reference for subsequent medical care.

Many people don’t know that today’s training also spends a lot of time talking about “how dare you take action.” Many people have learned a lot of skills and dare not step forward when encountering trouble, for fear of being held responsible for failing to save the life. We always mention the “good person clause” in the Civil Code and voluntarily perform first aid to cause injuries to victims. Those who help others and cause harm do not have to bear civil liability. Also, how to arrange for someone to call 120 and find an AED nearby as soon as possible? Don’t do it alone. After all, ordinary people are not professional doctors. If they can do the most critical steps in the golden time, it will already be of great help. I have been volunteering for first aid training for almost 5 years. To be honest, the best training content is never how many knowledge points you have memorized, but the next time you encounter someone who has fainted on the roadside, your first reaction is not to take out your mobile phone to take a video, but to dare to step forward, pat the shoulder twice and ask, "Are you okay?" That's enough.