First aid and emergency health training content

There are three categories: basic life support practice, common emergency treatment, and scenario-based risk avoidance. There are no fancy concepts. The core goal of all content is to "help the parties seize the golden disposal time before 120 arrives."

Regarding the teaching sequence of AED, there have been two different ideas in the industry: The 2020 version of the American Heart Association’s guidelines recommends that after the patient is assessed to be unconscious and not breathing, ask someone to get the AED at the nearest place as soon as possible, and then perform chest compressions.； However, because the penetration rate of AEDs in public areas is less than 30% in many grassroots training institutions in China, they often teach students to practice chest compressions to the standard first. After all, when there is no equipment, correct chest compressions can also maintain basic blood supply to the brain. Both ideas are not wrong, but they are adapted to different scenarios. To be honest, I have been doing emergency training for companies and communities for three years. I have seen too many people memorize knowledge points so well that their legs get weak when something happens. So now when we do training, the first requirement is that everyone must get started and press the simulated person for 10 minutes. Until your arms are sore, otherwise it will be useless to try again in the exam - don't feel like you are touching cotton when you press the chest. You have to press it down 5 centimeters, relying on the weight of your upper body, not just relying on your arms. Many girls can't press it at first, and you can find the trick after practicing for three to five minutes.

In addition to this kind of life-threatening cardiac arrest, we encounter more daily problems such as a stuck fish bone or a twisted foot. These seemingly minor situations can cause serious problems if handled incorrectly. Last year I was doing training in the community, and an old man at the scene said that his grandson had a peanut stuck in his body a while ago, and he forced himself to pat his back to take a picture of it. If he couldn't take a picture at that time, no one in the family would know how to use the Heimlich maneuver. This is a typical blind spot in common emergency treatment. Regarding the treatment of foreign objects stuck in the throat, many people are confused about whether the old method of swallowing rice and vinegar can be used. Doctors in the otolaryngology department are basically against forced swallowing, especially sharp fish bones and chicken bones. Swallowing them can easily pierce the esophagus or even the aorta. However, if it is a particularly small soft bone and you can feel it near the throat, it is not completely impossible to sip some vinegar and swallow it slowly, but the risk is high. It is better to bend down and pat the back, or use the Heimlich maneuver. The focus of training for different groups of people is completely different. For the training for middle-aged and elderly people, we will focus more on the rapid identification of stroke and myocardial infarction. For the training on parents of young children, we will focus on practicing Heimlich and burn and scald treatment. For outdoor enthusiasts, we will focus on trauma bandaging and snake and insect bite treatment. It is not necessary for everyone to learn the same content.

There are also many people who learn first aid by memorizing knowledge points and become confused when the situation changes. For example, if you encounter someone suffering from heatstroke outdoors in the summer, would you give him an iced drink first or move him to a shady area first? There was a young man who encountered someone suffering from heat stroke at a marathon. He gave him iced Coke and the person vomited even more. This is because he did not understand the logic of scene-based handling. There is also carbon monoxide poisoning from burning charcoal for heating in winter. Should you take the person out first or open the window to ventilate? If the concentration in a confined space is particularly high, you might faint first if you rush in. The correct approach is to open the doors and windows to ventilate for more than ten seconds, and then go in to save people. These are knowledge bound to the scene. Memorizing the formula alone is useless. As for whether to suck with the mouth for snake bites, the old first aid manuals used to treat this as a routine operation, but in recent years, the guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have clearly not recommended it. The reason is that if the rescuer has ulcers in the mouth or bleeding gums, it can easily cause secondary poisoning. However, in extreme situations where there is no signal in the mountains and the hospital cannot be reached in a short time, it is not completely unusable. You just need to take good protection and rinse your mouth quickly after sucking. This is a situation where there is no standard answer and it depends on the specific conditions.

In fact, until now, there is no completely unified standard for the content framework of first aid training in the industry. The content of different institutions and different application scenarios will be adjusted. There is still debate on whether to include "psychological first aid" into regular training content. But in essence, the core of all the content remains the same: it does not require you to become a professional doctor, but it requires you to dare to take action and not cause trouble when you encounter problems. After all, if you encounter an emergency, it doesn't matter if you can't remember the complete process. Calling 120 first and taking the most basic measures is much better than standing by and watching the excitement.