Summary of basic first aid skills popularization training content

Ordinary people without any medical background do not need to master professional clinical operations such as venipuncture and wound suturing. As long as they keep in mind the 4 core processing logics and 3 pitfall avoidance principles, they can cover more than 90% of the needs of daily emergency emergency scenarios. There is no need to dare to reach out for fear of "not taking responsibility".

This training was jointly organized by the community and front-line medical staff from the emergency center of the tertiary hospital in the jurisdiction. More than 200 residents came, and the most frequently asked question was, "I'm not a doctor, what if I do something wrong?" ”I just took advantage of everyone's questions to clearly understand the practical points and the different disposal views in the current industry.

Speaking of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which everyone is most concerned about, there are indeed two mainstream treatment ideas in the industry: one is the public guideline requirement of the American Heart Association (AHA). As long as the patient is judged to be unconscious and not breathing normally (for example, only intermittent sighing-like wheezing), chest compressions can be performed directly without touching the carotid artery to confirm the pulse. After all, it is difficult for ordinary people to accurately locate the carotid artery, and every second wasted is consuming golden rescue time.； The other is the practical advice of some domestic emergency experts. If the rescuer has basic judgment ability, it is best to spend 3-5 seconds touching the position 2 centimeters next to the Adam's apple to confirm that there is no arterial pulse before applying pressure to avoid unnecessary pressure on patients with hypoglycemia, syncope or hysteria, which may cause rib fractures. We used a half-body pulmonary resuscitation simulator for this training. Many people pressed on the left side at first. Later, we were taught to memorize the "midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples". It is much easier to understand than memorizing "the middle and lower 1/3 of the sternum". The arms must be straight when pressing. , use the weight of your upper body to press down, otherwise your arms will be sore and weak after pressing for more than ten seconds. The depth should be 5-6 cm, almost the width of an ID card. The frequency should be just right if it follows the rhythm of "Little Apple". You can find the right feeling after trying it twice.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life-saving method in case of sudden death, but more often encountered in daily life is the situation where the throat is stuck when eating. There are also different practical reminders for the operation of the Heimlich maneuver: one view is that as long as the patient cannot speak, cannot cough, and the face has turned purple, the upper abdomen must be impacted immediately without waiting for half a second. ； Another view is that if the patient can still cough loudly and respond normally, it means that the airway is not completely blocked. The priority is to let him cough hard by himself. Do not slap the back randomly, which may make the foreign body get stuck deeper. Last month, a 3-year-old child in our jurisdiction got stuck in his throat after eating jelly. The grandma panicked at first and slapped the child on the back. The child's face turned purple. A delivery boy who had participated in our training before happened to pass by. He hugged the child from behind and punched the child two centimeters above the belly button three times. The jelly was spit out. After a check-up at the hospital, nothing happened. If it had been a minute or two later, the consequences would have been really disastrous. If you encounter a pregnant woman or a particularly fat person, don't press on the belly. Instead, press on the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples. The effect will be the same.

If you encounter bleeding due to bumps, there are many mistakes in the old methods we used before. The operation of the tourniquet is different from the old and new guidelines: the old one requires loosening it for 1-2 minutes every 40 minutes to avoid limb necrosis. ； However, the latest clinical guidelines point out that in urban areas of large cities, the average arrival time of ambulances is within 30 minutes. In this case, there is no need to loosen the tourniquet after applying the tourniquet after heavy bleeding in the limb. Repeated loosening may lead to another massive bleeding and induce shock, which is even more dangerous. During the actual operation, many people are reluctant to strangle with force, saying that they are afraid of hurting the other person. In fact, if you encounter arterial bleeding, you will go into shock in a few minutes. The pain is better than losing your life. Also, do not use thin things like ropes or wires to tie the wound. It is best to use a wide strip of cloth or a towel and tie it on the side of the wound close to the heart. Just strangle it until there is no bleeding. Remember to tell the emergency personnel clearly the time you tied the tourniquet so that they can handle it later.

There are also a few pitfalls that must not be stepped on for everyone: Do not pinch the vagina of a person who has fainted. It is now clear that pinching the penis has no effect on awakening. Instead, it may cause the patient's head to drop forward and block the airway.； Don't hang the drowning person upside down to control the water. The water in the lungs cannot be controlled at all, and it will delay the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ； If you encounter someone who gets an electric shock, don't pull it up with your bare hands. Pull the switch first, or use a dry wooden stick or plastic rod to open the wires and then save the person.

In the three years I have been doing first aid training, I have seen too many people who clearly know how to perform the operation, but are afraid to step forward. In fact, the "good person clause" in the Civil Code has long been made clear. As long as you voluntarily perform first aid and do not intentionally cause harm to the patient, you do not need to bear civil liability at all. There is really no need to be afraid. Also, you don’t need to pursue 100% perfect operations. For example, when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the elderly, it is very common to break ribs. As long as you follow the specifications, there is no problem at all. It is better than losing the person, right?

We have put the complete operation video of this training and the knowledge point cards in the QR code at the door of the community neighborhood committee. Scan it and save it on your mobile phone. The next practical training is scheduled for the 15th of next month. It will still be in the community activity room. There will be real simulators to practice. After all, watching the video 10 times is not as practical as practicing it once by yourself.