Record of training content on prevention and management of common childhood diseases

90% of common respiratory and digestive tract diseases in children can reduce the probability of infection through daily scientific prevention. After onset, 80% of the conditions can be improved through standardized home care. There is no need to excessively seek medical treatment or abuse of antibiotics. You only need to seek medical treatment promptly when there are early warning signs such as listlessness, blood oxygenation below 95%, and persistent high fever for more than 72 hours.

This training was a practical training carried out by the neighborhood community health service center on March 15, 2024 for parents of children aged 0-6 years old and grassroots child care staff in the jurisdiction. The speaker was Li Shuhua, a chief physician with 18 years of pediatric clinical experience. There were nearly 50 people on site that day, half of whom were parents who had just experienced the wave of mycoplasma infections last month and were so scared that their babies were coughing that they could not sleep all night. As a child care staff member, I was responsible for recording the entire process.

To be honest, Sister Li didn't read the ppt at the beginning, and first put aside the most controversial issue of medication for respiratory tract infections recently. Regarding the examination and medication after coughing, she clearly listed two mainstream views in the industry. There is no preference for anyone: One group advocates that as long as the baby does not have shortness of breath, poor energy, or sudden loss of appetite, he should be observed at home for three days. There is no need to rush to take a CT scan or check for mycoplasma. After all, there are health risks for young children receiving CT radiation multiple times in a short period of time. ； The other group suggests that if the baby has underlying diseases such as asthma and congenital heart disease, relevant screening can be done if the child coughs for more than 2 days, so as to intervene early to avoid developing pneumonia. There is no right or wrong between the two views, they just apply to different groups of people. She also specifically mentioned the 3-and-a-half-year-old baby I received last week: After coughing for 2 days without fever, the parents rushed to a private hospital for a CT scan and 3 courses of treatment. As a result, he developed diarrhea after 2 days of taking the medicine. We came here to find out that it was not a mycoplasma infection at all, but just a common cold and cough. He stopped taking the medicine and drank warm radish water for 3 days. He was fine. His suffering was in vain.

I just sorted out the respiratory problems, and some parents raised their hands to ask about diarrhea, which is also a high-risk problem after the beginning of spring. There is also a controversial point here that has been quarreling for several years: Should complementary feeding be stopped for babies with diarrhea? The traditional view is that you need to empty your stomach and eat twice to reduce the burden. ； But now more and more pediatric guidelines suggest that as long as the baby does not vomit frequently, he can continue to eat easy-to-digest foods such as light porridge and steamed apples to avoid dehydration and nutritional deficiencies, which will actually make him better faster. Sister Li specially demonstrated to us the preparation method of oral rehydration salt III. She repeatedly emphasized that it should be prepared in strict proportion and do not add honey or juice to taste. If the baby cannot drink it at one time, feed it in multiple portions. For mild to moderate dehydration, drinking this is more effective than taking any probiotics. She also gave us three hard criteria for judging dehydration: no urination for 4 hours, no tears after crying, and dry and flaky lips. If the baby can't drink it at one time, he should come to the hospital as soon as possible. Don't bear it.

When it comes to prevention, Sister Li did not talk about the clichés that everyone is tired of hearing. Instead, she drew on her own experience in raising children: Her grandson is 4 years old this year and works in middle school. He only had one cold last year. The secret is very simple: when you get home from school every day, take off your outer coat and hang it at the door, wash your hands with running water for 20 seconds, spray your nose with saline, don’t rush to feed after eating, wear one more clothes than adults, and don’t wrap yourself up like a rice dumpling. A grandma at the scene rebutted on the spot, saying that as the old saying goes, "Spring covers autumn and autumn freezes", you have to wear more clothes to avoid catching a cold. Sister Li was not in a hurry and dug out the outpatient data of our center last year: 70% of the children with colds admitted in the first month of spring were those who wore too much and sweated and were exposed to the wind, while less than 20% caught colds due to colds. Which one do you think is more dangerous?

The atmosphere at the scene was particularly lively when we talked about this. Many parents took out their mobile phones to shoot ppts. Sister Li stopped to emphasize a few of the easiest mistakes: Don’t hoard medicines indiscriminately, especially antibiotics such as Aqi and Cephalosporins. Taking them without diagnosing bacterial infections or mycoplasma infections will only destroy your baby’s intestinal flora.； Do not give your baby two types of antipyretic drugs at the same time. We just admitted a baby to the emergency department last month. The mother was given Motrin and paracetamol, and her liver enzymes soared. She had to stay in the hospital for a week. ； Also, don’t do the stupid thing of halving adult medicines for children. Children’s metabolism is different from adults. If the dose is calculated incorrectly, big trouble will occur.

At the end of the training, many parents gathered around Sister Li to ask questions. She was surrounded for 20 minutes before she left. Before she left, she told several of us child care workers that in fact, after doing science popularization for so many years, the biggest feeling is that parents should not be too anxious. Your child's immunity is much stronger than you think. Don't just give medicine and run to the hospital at the slightest sign of trouble. Observe your child's mental state more than anything else. When I was sorting out the records that night, I also remembered that my sister’s child had a cold last time. She stayed up until two or three o’clock for three days in a row to check Baidu. In fact, nothing happened. It would have been better if she had listened to this class earlier.