What does ovarian vesicle mean?

Ovarian vesicles refer to fluid-filled cystic structures in the ovary. Most are physiological manifestations, but a few may be related to diseases. Ovarian cysts mainly include follicles, corpus luteum cysts, simple cysts, endometriosis cysts, cystadenoma and other types.

1. Follicle

Follicles are normal physiological structures of the ovary, which mature and rupture to ovulate every month. Unruptured follicles may form physiological cysts, usually less than 3 cm in diameter, and most of them resolve spontaneously after the menstrual cycle. Ultrasound examination shows a circular echo-free area with a thin and smooth cyst wall, requiring no special treatment.

2.Corpus luteum cyst

After ovulation, the corpus luteum continues to enlarge and form a cyst, which is common in early pregnancy or after taking ovulation-inducing drugs. The diameter of the cyst is usually 3-5 cm, which may be accompanied by a slight feeling of distension in the lower abdomen. It is usually absorbed naturally after 12 weeks of pregnancy. If rupture occurs, intra-abdominal bleeding needs to be alerted, and changes can be monitored with ultrasound.

3. Simple cyst

A unilocular, thin-walled cyst formed by the ovarian epithelium and containing clear serous fluid. Usually 2-10 cm in diameter, most are asymptomatic, and occasionally there is dull pain or pressure in the lower abdomen. Premenopausal women can observe 3 menstrual cycles. If the menstrual cycle persists or increases, the possibility of tumor needs to be ruled out.

4. Endometriosis cyst

An old hemorrhagic cyst formed from endometriosis to the ovary, also known as chocolate cyst. Ultrasound shows dense punctate echoes in the cyst, which are often accompanied by dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility. The diagnosis requires a combination of CA125 testing and laparoscopy. Treatment options include dienogest tablets or goserelin sustained-release implants and other drugs.

5. Cystadenoma

Benign ovarian tumors include serous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenoma, with papillary protrusions visible on the cyst wall. Ultrasound examination shows multilocular structures or septations, and the tumor marker CA125 may be slightly elevated. After diagnosis, surgical resection is recommended, and pathological examination can clarify the nature.

After ovarian vesicles are discovered, ultrasound should be reviewed regularly to observe changes in size and shape. Avoid strenuous exercise to prevent the cyst from twisting or rupturing, and maintain a regular schedule and a balanced diet. If sudden abdominal pain, fever, or rapid enlargement of the cyst occurs, timely medical treatment is required to rule out torsion, rupture, or malignant transformation of the ovarian cyst pedicle. Active evaluation is recommended for new ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women.