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Ovarian cysts may cause low back pain. Ovarian cysts are cystic structures formed in or on the ovary. When the cyst is large, torsion or ruptures, it may compress or irritate the surrounding tissue, causing low back pain.

Larger ovarian cysts may put pressure on pelvic nerves or nearby organs. When the diameter of the cyst exceeds 5 cm, it may directly squeeze the lumbar nerves or pull the pelvic ligaments, causing persistent dull pain. This pain is usually located in the lower back or sacral area and may worsen with activity. Some patients are also accompanied by a feeling of distension in the lower abdomen or abnormal urination. Physiological cysts such as corpus luteum cysts may also cause sudden pain due to internal bleeding, but most will resolve on their own.

Low back pain will be more significant when acute complications of ovarian cyst occur. Torsion of the cyst pedicle is more common after a sudden change in body position, manifesting as severe unilateral waist cramping accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Rupture of the cyst may cause peritoneal irritation, with pain radiating from the lower abdomen to the lower back. Both situations require emergency treatment. Low back pain caused by endometriosis cysts is cyclical and often worsens simultaneously with the menstrual cycle.

It is recommended that timely gynecological ultrasound examination be performed when unexplained low back pain accompanied by symptoms such as menstrual disorders and abnormal urination occurs. After diagnosis, observation and follow-up, drug intervention or surgical treatment can be selected according to the nature of the cyst. Avoid strenuous exercise on a daily basis to prevent cyst torsion, and maintain a regular schedule to help regulate endocrine.