What are the contents of first aid and emergency health training

I have been doing front-line emergency training for enterprises and communities for 7 years. To be honest, the content of this type of training is never rigidly based on the textbook items. The core is set around the needs that ordinary people can use in daily life and emergency situations. When broken down, it actually covers multiple dimensions from on-site life-saving to long-term protection, from physiological treatment to psychological adjustment.

For example, we must set aside 2 hours for practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation, use of automated external defibrillators (AED), and the Heimlich maneuver in each training. Last year, less than 3 months after training for an Internet company in Hangzhou, a young man who had just graduated used the Heimlich to save someone from being run over by a cow. As the department manager of Sugar Stuck Throat, we not only teach movements for this kind of content, but also focus on "when to start and when not to move blindly" - for example, when the injured person is suspected of having a fractured cervical vertebra, blindly moving may cause high paraplegia. These judgment logics are more important than the movements themselves.

In addition to such life-and-death life-saving operations, what accounts for a larger proportion of the training content is actually the handling of sudden health problems that everyone encounters frequently every day. A while ago, I gave a training to a community group of mothers. I specifically focused on the five-word principle of "rinse off the foam and cover it up before sending it away" for burns and scalds. I repeatedly emphasized not to apply toothpaste, soy sauce, badger oil and other folk remedies. Within two weeks, a mother sent me a message saying that her child had knocked over a freshly warmed food bowl. She followed the instructions and flushed the child with cold water for 15 minutes before sending her to the doctor. The doctor said that superficial second-degree burns that might have left scars would not leave any marks if they recovered well. In addition, questions such as how to feed sugar during hypoglycemia, three key points for identifying strokes such as "face crooked, unable to lift arms, and slurred speech", and the timing of rabies vaccination after being scratched by a cat or dog, are the most frequently asked questions in every training.

What many people don’t know is that health protection in extreme disaster scenarios has been increasingly added to the training in the past two years. Last year, there were heavy rains and waterlogging in many places in the south. When we provided supplementary training to the disaster-stricken areas, we specially added information on how to disinfect and prevent erysipelas after wading in water, how to prevent electric shock after immersing in water, and how to prevent Japanese encephalitis in areas with dense mosquitoes. There is a person who has waded in water before. The uncle who had been swollen for a week was patted on the thigh and told me that if he had learned two weeks earlier, he would not have to suffer the consequences. He also talked about how to escape in a low position to prevent suffocation during a fire, and how to conserve physical strength and reduce oxygen consumption when being buried in an earthquake. They seemed far away, but if they really happened, they would save their lives.

Oh, by the way, there is still a lot of discussion in this industry, which is whether to teach ordinary people how to use tourniquets. One group is public health colleagues who think that ordinary people do not have professional clinical experience. Wrong bandaging position and forgetting to release it regularly can easily cause limb necrosis. It is better to focus on the key points. Regarding the more reliable pressure to stop bleeding, it is safer to wait for 120 to arrive. The other group is mostly doctors who go to emergency departments all year round. They say that in the case of car accidents and construction site cutting injuries, hemorrhagic shock can occur in 4 minutes. It may be too late to wait for 120 to arrive. If the standard operation is explained thoroughly, ordinary people can also provide emergency treatment. When we conduct training now, we will clearly tell the trainees both viewpoints. If the trainees are factory or construction site employees who have been exposed to many high-risk scenarios, we will arrange more practical tourniquet exercises. If they are ordinary community residents, we will focus on teaching methods of compression and hemostasis, and never forcefully teach knowledge points.

There is another module that is easily overlooked by everyone, which is emergency psychological adjustment. Don’t think that this is just a make-up, it is really useful. Last year, a delivery boy rescued an injured person in a car accident at an intersection. After that, he kept thinking about the blood at the scene every time he closed his eyes for a week. He couldn't sleep or eat. He came over and we gave him two psychological counseling sessions before he recovered. Now we will add this part of the training to our training, not only teaching everyone how to comfort the frightened injured, but also teaching everyone how to relieve their own psychological pressure after completing first aid. After all, the premise of saving someone is to protect yourself first.

To be honest, today’s emergency training is no longer the way it used to be based on PPT reading out terms and conditions. All content is adjusted according to the scenarios that everyone will actually encounter. Being able to use it, dare to use it, and making no mistakes are our core standards for content production.